Friday, May 30, 2014

Ferd Westheimer Spun the Red Top -- And Won

When a man has eleven children he has to find a way to support his family. Ferdinand Westheimer made his livelihood in the liquor trade beginning in St. Joseph, Missouri, by advertising throughout America a whiskey he labeled “Red Top Rye.”  As a result, Westheimer not only grew wealthy, he created lucrative opportunities for his eight sons.

Ferdinand was born in Darmstadt, Germany, the fourth son of Leser and Bessel (Kahn) Westheimer.   With his family in straitened circumstances and seeing little opportunity in his native land,  in 1847 at the age of 22,  he emigrated to the United States,  possibly accompanied by his younger brother, Samuel. The 1850 U.S. Census found him living in New York City,  his occupation given as “peddler.”

At some point between that time and 1861,  Westheimer moved to St. Joseph, Missouri.  He had made a good choice.  Ever since the 1840s,  “St. Joe,” as it is popularly known, had been booming.   Initially the growth was generated by the covered wagons, oxen and supplies purchased by pioneers on their way West across the Missouri River.  Another economic boost was provided when railroads reached the city, making it a supply and distribution point to the entire western half of the United States.  Situated next to water that ran to the ocean as well as accessible by land and rail, St. Joe experienced what one historian has called “phenomenal growth” throughout the 19th Century.

In January 1861, Ferdinand, now age 36, got married.  His bride was Sarah Flarsheim, herself an immigrant from Germany.  Born in 1841, Sarah was 16 years younger. The couple immediately began growing their family.  Eugene was born in November of that same year.  Morris followed in 1863, Isadore in 1865, Leo in 1868, and Henry in 1870.  Then in 1872 Milton came along,  Sidney in 1874, David in 1877, and Irvin in 1879.  Tragically, the couple’s only daughter, Ida, died in infancy.

As his family size increased, Westheimer was advancing from peddler to established merchant.  By 1868 he became co-owner of a grocery, tobacco and liquor store in St. Joseph.  Before long he determined that his principal opportunity lay in the wholesale liquor trade.   Partnering with his brother Samuel, he opened a firm called Westheimer Bros. in 1871.  Over time they operated at several addresses on St. Joe’s South Second Street.  In 1878, however, the brothers parted ways.  Samuel kept the original business and the name, while his elder sibling struck out on his own in a liquor dealership he called “Ferdinand Westheimer & Co.”

The reason for the split may have been Ferdinand’s desire to bring one or more of his sons  into the business.  Eugene was the first to join the company, followed by Morris and Leo.In time all the Westheimer boys would be incorporated into the operation except Isadore who had died before his 13th birthday.  Reflecting the addition of his boys, the father in 1887 changed the name on the door to “Ferdinand Westheimer & Sons.”


As whiskey wholesalers,  the Westheimers also were rectifiers, that is, blending and compounding raw whiskeys to taste,  creating their own brands, and merchandising them.  Among them were such labels as “Boston League,”  “C .C. Bond,” “Clover Brook,” “Manhattan Reserve,” “McAllister,” “Number One,” “Old Hutch,”  “Planet,” “White House Club,”  and “Pullman Rye.”   Far and away the most featured brand was “Red Top Rye.”  As shown here, it was advertised in newspapers and magazine coast to coast, often with the motto, “If it’s Red Top, It’s Right.”  The whiskey might be presented with a Father Time/Avenging Angel drinking from an hour glass,  a ominous sickle on his shoulder, or cowboys in tough guy poses. As shown here, Westheimer packaged Red Top and other brands in glass quarts, pint flasks, and miniature bottles.

As the reputation of Red Top Rye grew, the need for a steadier supply of whiskey for blending became evident.   In 1897 Westheimer purchased a controlling interest in the Old Times Distillery of Louisville, Kentucky.  At that time, according to insurance records, the property included a single brick warehouse with a metal or slate roof, located 370 feet southeast of the still.  Within several years a new plant had been built across the street from the original distillery, located at the corner of 28th and Broadway.  He named it “The Number One Distillery.”  Westheimer also opened an liquor outlet in Cincinnati, Ohio, at 317-319 Main Street and called it his “Eastern Offices.”   Just as St. Joe was a window on the West,  so Cincinnati was a major center for whiskey flowing Eastward.   The Westheimer liquor “empire” was well illustrated on a letterhead from 1904.


While Eugene stayed in Missouri with his father, Morris and Leo, and later the youngest, Irvin,  were dispatched to run the operation in Cincinnati.  The three would make Ohio their home for a lifetime.  Henry and Milton Westheimer went East to Baltimore where the Westheimers also had financial interests.  Henry was recorded there as a vice president of the Cahn Belt Company (see my post on Eugene Belt, August  2013).  Sydney and David, as they came of age, remained in St. Joe,  working at  the 117-119 South Third Street offices.  Ferdinand had found productive employment for all his boys.  One obituary cited his “Success...in the rearing of a family of sons who honor him in their records and achievements.”

According to city directories,  Ferdinand Westheimer  & Sons also operated a branch in Minneapolis from 1890 to 1914, apparently seeking a conduit for its whiskey into the Northern Tier of states.  Initially located on Nicolet Avenue,  eventually the office moved into a suite in the Met Life Building.  Now that he had spun his Red Top Rye from coast to coast, Westheimer was accounted in St. Joe as one of its millionaires.

As Red Top Rye became a top seller in America,  the Westheimers, like other whiskey wholesalers, provided a wide range of giveaway items to favored customers.  They included Red Top shot glasses, Red Top goblets and Red Top match safes.  Among the most impressive was a Red Top saloon clock.  The face was a reverse-on-glass with numerals in silver against black around the perimeter of the face.  The hands spun on the Red Top.  There could be no mistaking which whiskey was telling time to the faces along the bar.  

Another major gift item was an elaborate under glaze transfer ceramic bottle advertising Pullman Pure Rye, featuring a railroad passenger car as the principal motif.  Whether this was meant as a back of the bar bottle or for some other use is not clear.  Today this Westheimer issue is a highly sought and valuable American whiskey ceramic.

Even as he grew older, Ferdinand Westheimer never ceased to take an active interest in the operations of the wholesale liquor company he had founded.  For his 80th birthday, his employees presented him with a silver punch bowl and ladle, both decorated with rabbits. The 1910 U.S. Census found him at age 84 living in a mansion at 1723 Francis Street, a home he had built for his burgeoning family in 1885. Designed by the architectural firm of Eckel and Mann,the house is shown here as it originally appeared, a marvel of multiple porches and chimneys with a three-story tower.  Occupying the mansion with him were his wife of 49 years, Sarah; two sons, Sidney and David;  Sidney' s wife, Grace; and five servants.  Ferdinand gave his occupation to the census taker as “merchant - liquors.”


Three years later, at age 87, Westheimer died and, as his grieving family looked on, was buried in St.  Joe’s Adath Joseph Hebrew Cemetery.  After his death his sons carried forward the family business interests.  But Prohibition forces were closing in. The firm was taken to court in dry states like Kansas for whiskey shipments and although it won,  the effort was expensive and discouraging.   Anticipating the advent of National Prohibition,  Ferdinand Westheimer & Sons in 1919 shut down its operations in Louisville, Cincinnati and St. Joseph.  The sons either retired or sought employment in other fields.  Irvin Westheimer in Cincinnati became noted for founding the “Big Brother, Big Sister,” program.  The Francis Street home still stands.  Operating today as a bed & breakfast,  it is appropriately named “Whiskey Mansion.”


Ferdinand Westheimer himself deserves a last word. Among the outpouring of tributes to him at his death was one published in the National Bulletin of the Liquor Dealers Association.  Here are excerpts:  “Coming from his early home of restricted efforts to a land of promise and opportunity, his pioneering efforts were rewarded.  Through trials and difficulties he pressed valiantly onward to honorable success....High repute, splendid family, devoted friends, material fortune, all were his, and well did he merit and prize these unusual blessings.”  In short, Westheimer had spun the Red Top and won the game.








  

  

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47 comments:

  1. Hello, do you have any information on the "Red Top Rye Guide" to cocktail making? i.e. what year it was printed?

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    1. Dear Deanna: I have no exact knowledge but assume that it was published sometime between 1900 and 1920. Know of none earlier than the 20th Century and then Prohibition ended them until 1934 when many whiskey outfits issued them -- but Red Top was gone as a brand by then I believe. All the best. Jack

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    2. I have a copy of The Mixiologist printing from 1897. It has all sorts of recipes, an article on whether you should be a whiskey or beer drinker, proper behavior for bartenders, etc.

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  2. Hi Jack - I am a descendant of the Westheimer Family and the David in the article you mentioned is my great grandfather. I would love to know where you researched to get this info. Thanks for teaching me some of my family history!

    Emily

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    1. Dear Emily: I worked on this vignette abut your distinguished ancestor for many days, using a wide variety of sources, either in books on online. No one of them was definitive. The census data was important -- tracing all the sons, etc. Glad you liked it.

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  3. Irvin was my Grandfather. I believe the miniature bottles were passed out at the St Louis World's Fair. Grandpa told us that he would pass them out there. He also told us about selling to the Hatfields and McCoys.
    Ann Westheimer Williams

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    1. Dear Ann, my name is Doug . and I dug up one of your grandfather's miniature sample bottles. Red top rye 4 and 1/2 in tall. I use it as decoration in my home and a conversation piece. Looking up the history it was amazing that 40 years ago I threw it in the box after I dug it up.

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  4. Dear Ann: Among the sons, Irvin clearly was the most honored for his civic minded and humanitarian work. He probably deserves a vignette of his own. It was a very dynamic family with a far sighted progenitor. I hope others of his kin -- and there must be hundreds -- get a chance to see it. As for the jugs, yes minis often were gifted, but I did not have any images. The jug I showed was full sized, likely a quart. Today they are worth hundreds.

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  5. I am Mary, Ann's cousin, so Irvin was also my grandfather. Even though he was born in 1879, we knew him well - he lived to be 101. I have one of the guides. It doesn't have a date, but it cost 25 cents. I also have a match case and some sample bottles. My sister-in-law has some earrings made from red tops that were, apparently, also advertising geegaws.

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  6. BTW, thank you so much for publishing this!

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  7. Thanks for this bio Jack. Milton Westheimer was my maternal grandfather, and my mother was named Sarah, naturally, after her paternal grandmother. Julius Westheimer was my maternal uncle.
    For his 50th anniversary, Milton wrote a short autobiography "Them Thar Hills," which included stories of his selling Westheimer alcohol in what was still the Wild West. Among other things it has invaluable anecdotes of the lives of the Jewish merchants in the West, and few Jews who lived out there.
    I also have fond memories of "Uncle Irv," in particular, and "Uncle Leo." Katherine Notley

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  8. KR Notley: Thanks for being in touch. I am very pleased by the response of family members for my efforts to bring the Westheimers to the fore. They deserve it. I would be delighted to see a copy of Milton' short autobiography, electronically or otherwise, if you can steer me to one. It occurs to me he would be worth a vignette on his own and preserve some of his memories of the West.

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    1. Dear KR Notley: I have not yet heard from you about Milton Westheimer's autobiography. I would dearly love to have one and use it for a profile. My email is jack.sullivan9@verizon.net if you prefer to be in touch that way.

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  9. I am, at this very moment laying in my bed in "Ferdinand's Room" at the Whiskey Mansion Bed and Breakfast. How rich to read this history while surrounded by the home of Ferdinand and Sarah.

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  10. Dear Ms. Bedell: What a great place to be reading about Ferdinand and his family! I am assuming that the Whiskey Mansion B&B is the one referenced in the article, in Cincinnati. Hope it makes for a pleasant stay as well as an historically memorable one.

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  11. Hello I have a red top eye shot glass for sale. It’s the one with thin wall and beaded etching. My email is mustngsalie@yahoo.com I have plenty of pictures and evidence.

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  12. Hi All,
    i am a vintage whiskey collector in NY, i have particular passion for Prohibition era and Pre-Prohibition bottles, of course all of them sealed and intact, i have a great condition full size bottle of Red Top Rye which even has its original cardboard Tube the bottle came in, it is dated sometime between 1904-1911 so this page was really helpful to get some more of the history on the brand.
    I'd also like to share this recipe book from this brand.

    https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1902-Red-Top-Rye-by-Ferdinand-Westheimer-and-Sons/VI

    Cheers
    Hillel

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  13. Hilllel: Thank you for your contribution to this blog. I will check in on the recipe book.

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  14. Interesting reading .thank you for these post.wm oneal...st joseph mo.home of red top rye...

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  15. The only reason I ever heard of Red top rye was I found a clear bottle after a heavy rain. My house was built in 1898 and I do believe the occupants throughout the years liked to imbibe because the hill that overlooks the Missouri river is littered with all sorts of things including beer cans and bottles. They range from as old as the house to modern.I thought it to be one of the neatest bottles I had found with the name and the top embossed in the glass. Sadly while cleaning I knocked it over and as brittle as it was it broke into a hundred pieces. I wish I had never displayed it like that and kept it more secure. Don't think I'll ever find another one. Sure I find lots of bottles everytime I go down that hill but nothing as special as that! I often wonder about its taste I would've loved to taste it. Just wondering if you still have the recipe in the family and if you ever considered reviving the brand.There is a resurgence in old brands like Tempelton rye a supposed favorite of Al Capone. If anyone has had the pleasure of tasting it I'd love to hear your description of it.Thanks for this story it really helped to learn the history of the man behind the brand.It's kind of neat because I used to live in Missouri and we went through St.Joe alot and now I live in Nebraska just a stones throw from the river.I can just imagine how that bottle ended up on my hill and I presume whoever consumed it was having a good time. If you do ever distill a batch I'll be in line to get some.

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  16. Unknown: Thanks for your story. Having had a prize whiskey broken by my wife while cleaning, I know your pain. Templeton Rye is my son's favorite imbibe.

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  17. I am trying to date an Old Red Top Pure Rye bottle. It is a clear glass one with Red Top Pure Rye written on the front. The neck of the bottle is decorative but it has no other identifying marks. I do have a picture of the bottle but I'm not sure how to post it here.

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  18. Deadra Bourke: Without seeing it I would date your bottle at more than 100 years old and considered antique. To go further would require seeing it. Email image to jack.sullivan9@verizon.net.

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  19. I have the original house stone or marking stone with Ferdinand westheimer's name engraved in it. It used to sit out in front of the house denoting who lived there.I used to put him out every year for Halloween with an iron fence around him and light him up with a skeleton everybody loved to see Ferdinand... olighthousecafe@aol.com

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  20. Unknown: Great story. Given Ferd's wealth must be a nice house.

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  21. I think you know, but the connection between Westheimer and Eppstein is the daughter of Samuel/niece of Ferd, Henrietta, and Leopold Eppstein. Ferd got Leopold started and Leopold and his son Milton did well distributing Westheimer brands, among others. Leopold and Henrietta are my 3x Great Grandparents.

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  22. Mr. Scott: I did know about the Westheimer-Eppstein relationship. But I did not know that Leopold and his wife were your three times great grandparents. A family history to be proud of.

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  23. I have come across two small toy tops that are red & say red top rye on their top along with numbers 1-8, got them at an estate sale & was hoping to see some history about them, we’re they used on tops of bottles or were they give away items? Do you have any idea?

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  24. Anon: I think you have a real find there. My belief is that those tops were giveaway items to bars and saloons using Red Top whiskey. The numbers on them indicate some kind of gambling bar game (like bar dice). My guess is that patrons bet on the number that would come to the top when the top stopped spinning. I think I may have seen one a long time ago. Spotting and buying two gives you a "gold star."

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  25. Our Grandfather had Blondie’s Dew Drop Inn in New Lisbon Wisconsin until prohibition. We have a wonderful RedTopRye poster that was my mom’s favorite of all the framed prints from the saloon. Now I have learned so much about the company history.

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  26. Anon.: That Red Top Rye framed poster, indeed all saloon signs in good shape, are a hot property on the antiques market. All are at least 100 years old. You have a real find there!

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    1. How would we get it appraised for insuring? My favorite that was given to me as a boy, is a Gund’s Peerless poster of a man on horseback reaching for his rifle as he is surprised by a grizzly bear. “ A Fighting Chance”

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    2. Anon: Good question. If this were a question of bottles I would have an immediate answer for you, but do not have a close acquaintance with a whiskey advertising expert. You might check in with Ferd Meyer at . He is trustworthy and may have an idea. Email: fmeyer@fmgdesign.com

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  27. There are more grand houses from the Westheimers , 20th and Faraon being one. A friend restored the house, interesting chandeliers sculpted bats, could be a gift from the Bacardi family of Cuba. Imagine they traded in rum as well.

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  28. I found a green red dot bottle unopened not sure what year it is

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    1. Anon: Difficult to put an exact date on it unless it has tax stamps. It is over 100 years old. Good find.

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  29. Hello, would you have any information on a 4 3/8" FERD WESTHEIMER & SONS RED TOP RYE BOTTLE

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  30. Rick: My information on the company is in my post on Westheimer. Am not able to put a value on the bottle. It would depend a lot on the quality of the label. Keep checking on eBay for similar items.

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  31. I am looking for information on a FW&Sons demijohn with a 16 to 1 lablel affixed. Although I am familiar with 16 to 1 bi medal issue in the 1890s, I would like to have more info on the item which has been sitting on a shelf (empty) for at least sixty years.

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  32. Anon: I am afraid I cannot give you anything definitive on your demijohn but hope a reader can.

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  33. Thank you, Mr Sullivan. You appear to be the expert on FW&Sons history

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  34. Anon: Thanks for your kind comments. The Westheimer story, however deserves more time, attention -- and ink -- than I can give it. My original article appeared in May 2014 and since then I have continued to collect company images but have moved on to other "whiskey men" for my blog. Westheimer deserves more attention than I can give him. Hope a descendant will do the job.

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